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Forged in the fires of Bessi blacksmiths since at least 350 BC, the rhomphaia has become the iconic killing machine associated with ancient Thracian warfare. It consisted of a long iron blade – acutely-curved and finely-balanced
Art based on screenshot by Malay Archer
Over the winter of 322 / 321 BC Eumenes, the new governor Cappadocia, embarked on an astonishing recruitment campaign. Within a couple of months he had mustered 6,300 cavalrymen, all loyal to him, well-trained and well-equipped.
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During the First War of the Successors, Eumenes rarely used Macedonian soldiers. The key to his victories were his Cappadocian cavalry, loyal to him and highly-skilled horsemen.
Artwork by © Johnny Shumate
My enemy's enemy is my friend. In early 320 BC, noticing their shared animosity toward the elderly viceroy Antipater, Perdiccas and the Aetolians forged an alliance. Together they would oppose Antipater and his allies during the First Successor War.
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Some argue Alexander the Great decided on crossing the Gedrosian Desert because of the man’s pothos, his desire to outdo all before him or out of revenge for his troops’ earlier mutiny in India. Yet others believe Alexander simply made a mistake in his logistical planning
Many Cappadocians were raised from an early age to ride and fight from horseback – lightly-armed, presumably with javelins. No strangers to Persian service, these Cappadocian horsemen formed the keystone of the region’s military strength
Artwork by © Johnny Shumate
Alexander the Great and his early successors favoured lightening assaults on cities rather than prolonged sieges. Scaling ladders were regularly used to assault fortifications, while elephants were also used to tear down wooden palisades.
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Each Macedonian soldier of Philip II would have to carry arms and armour, rations, utensils, blankets, road-building tools, medical supplies, a thirty-day supply of flour and any personal possessions in a backpack. Altogether this weighed c.40kg
Artwork by © Johnny Shumate
Though he did not accompany Antipater and his 30,000 men to Asian shores during the First War of the Successors, Lysimachus offered them support as they progressed through southern Thrace en-route to the Hellespont: access to provisions and local guidance seem likely.
During the First Successor War, Eumenes rarely used Macedonian soldiers. The key to his victories were his Cappadocian cavalry, loyal to him and highly-skilled horsemen
Artwork by © Johnny Shumate