19 January 1644 the Scots Army of the Covenant under the command of Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven crossed the River Tweed into England, walking 20 miles knee deep in snow, as allies of the Parliamentary Cause.

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13 September 1645 was the battle of Philiphaugh near Selkirk. Covenanter forces under Lt Gen David Leslie decisively defeated Royalist forces under the Marquis of Montrose. Images of the generals from our collection.

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At a skirmish at Y Dalar Hir fought in 1648 a small force of Welsh royalists were routed along the shores of the Menai Strait. With the capture of the royalist commander, Sir John Owen, the revolt in North Wales temporarily collapsed.

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18 September 1644 was the Battle of Montgomery, the largest battle fought in Wales during the Royalist forces under Lord Byron were defeated by Sir John Meldrum, leaving the Parliamentarians in control of central Wales.

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13 September 1645 was the battle of Philiphaugh near Selkirk. Covenanter forces under Lt Gen David Leslie decisively defeated Royalist forces under the Marquis of Montrose. Images of the generals from our collection.

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in 1644 the Earl of Essex refused the second summons to surrender from the royalist armies. Having invaded Cornwall, Essex was now trapped by the combined royal army. The closing stages of the Lostwithiel Campaign could now begin

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Battle of Benburb. in 1646 Owen Roe O'Neill defeated Robert Munro's Anglo-Scottish army. An Irish flank attack, assisted by returning cavalry drove Munro's men into the River Blackwater. It was the greatest Irish victory of the Confederate Wars

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18 September 1644 was the Battle of Montgomery, the largest battle fought in Wales during the Royalist forces under Lord Byron were defeated by Sir John Meldrum, leaving the Parliamentarians in control of central Wales.

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