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The notion that polychromatic ancient art is a 'new' discovery or info long suppressed by some sort of white supremacist conspiracy is undermined by Alma Tedema painting it that way a 100yrs ago. Maybe it's just certain Americans catching up with the rest of us. https://t.co/TSH0cWpgL3
Human cross section from John Arderne's (one of the fathers of surgery) De arte phisicali et de cirurgia, England ca. 1425.
Hekim Yakub probably had a copy.
In 1431 Genoa signed a treaty with the Mamluk Sultan to provide boys (to become eunuchs) from the Black Sea coast via Kaffa market. The Ventimiglia (d'Imperiali) family of Genoa were the official slave agent to Cairo.
@cs_ratliff I prefer no people on covers too. Bespoke characters can be fine, particularly in certain genres, but the stock photo models always make me cringe.
Western diplomacy inherited aspects of ceremony from Byzantine protocol. Among the long list of negotiated ceremonial questions: the exact moment at which an envoy should remove his hat. Get that wrong with some rulers (Vlad Dracula) & you might end up with it nailed back on.
Encoding of messages also took off during this time. Leon Battista Alberti's cipher disk (created in 1467) revolutionised encryption. Was impossible to break since the frequency distribution of letters was masked & frequency analysis was the only technique for code breaking then.