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Hussite armies famously used war flails.
Agricultural flails used for threshing crops were easily converted into weapons by driving nails through wooden heads.
They were used most effectively be men who were peasants and used to wielding them!
Today 27 July is anniversary of the Battle of Bouvines fought in 1214.
In one of the most important battles of the middle ages, the French under King Philip II Augustus managed to defeat the Imperial army of Emperor Otto IV.
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Swiss handgunners during the Burgundian Wars!
They wore little armor because they had to be mobile.
But guns were very unpopular among Swiss in late 15th century. Men capable of handling guns had to sometimes be forced to actually use them in battles instead of pikes/halberds.
Both the Swiss and the Burgundians used mounted crossbowmen during the Burgundian Wars (1474-1477)!
Mounted crossbowmen were a popular military unit in the late 15th century following the invention of cranequin (circa 1460) which made crossbows easier to span for reloading.
16th/17th century heavily armored cuirassiers were such an intimidating looking military unit.
"We are cuirassiers! We look like knights but we also have pistols! Ha!"
A 19th century romanticized painting of this event!
But the peace didn't last long.
Just two years later in 1531, they clashed again in the Second War of Kappel where the Catholics defeated the Protestants and killed the famous Huldrych Zwingli.
Nothing was solved.
Dutch copy of a Roman Legionary (c. 1616-18)!
Maurice of Nassau was fascinated by antiquity and thought he could counter Spanish pikemen by emulating Roman legionaries, giving his men big shields!
But once he put them in mock fights they did not prove successful against pikes.
The Battle of White Mountain took place in the early stages of the Thirty Years' War (1618-48) in 1620.
Yet in terms of long lasting effects it was one of the most decisive battles of the war.
The Habsburg Imperial army crushed the army of Bohemian Estates in an hour!
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The Reiters!
These armored cavalrymen armed with pistols were one of the coolest units in history, a perfect representation of transition from medieval to modern gunpowder warfare.
They were a very effective and versatile unit in 16th/early 17th century warfare!
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The forest of the impaled!
In 1462 Vlad Țepeș erected a literal "forest of the impaled" -20,000 stakes with carcasses of impaled people!- to terrify the Ottoman enemies who had invaded his land Wallachia.
He was waging a cruel but very effective psychological warfare!
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