The Cultural Tutorさんのイラストまとめ

They often featured strained or unusual expressions - experiments in human expressiveness, perhaps - and can therefore be amusing, as when depicting surprise or the pain of pulling off a plaster:

Hence the proliferation of wonderful Dutch landscape artists during the Golden Age, like Jacob van Ruisdael, who painted the real world unadorned and without the idealising, classical spirit of the Italian Renaissance and its successor movements.

Ordinary beauty.

Storm on the Sea of Galilee by Rembrandt (1633)

But there was exchange between the North and Italy.

Holbein evidently learned about "sfumato", a technique invented by Leonardo where colours - especially round the eyes - are blurred together to create livelier, more realistic expressions.

This directly influenced Holbein.

They were related, but far from the same.

The Italian Renaissance in art was focussed on beauty, harmony, and an idealised version of the human form, usually placed in graceful, quasi-mythical settings.

This was the kind of thing being painted in Italy during Holbein's life:

The art of Dix has something in common with the visceral poetry of Wilfred Owen. These artists - one a painter and one a poet - sought to depict the physical nightmares of the First World War.

7. Lighthouse at Alexandria

Known as "Pharos", it was built on a small island in about 250 BC by an architect called Sosistratus on the orders of King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt.

It was over one hundred metres tall, and we still don't know how its lantern worked.

2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon

The most controversial of all the ancient wonders. Nobody agrees about whether it really existed, and - even if it did - where it was or what it looked like.

The original theory is that King Nebuchadnezzar II built it in the 6th century BC.

1800: Ossian receiving the Ghosts of the French Heroes by Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson

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