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Some clear skies on this NASA satellite imagery allows us to see the snow covered ground across the near continent (coloured red to differentiate from the cloud)
January 2018 was warmer/much warmer than the 30 year climatology in much of Europe. It was colder than the long term average in Scotland and parts of northern Scandinavia.
With little cloud across Scotland & N England, this NASA satellite imagery picks up the snow covered ground (falsely coloured red). Lots of low cloud further south making it a dull day.
December was warmer than average across Eastern Europe & Russia, colder than average in Iceland and in most Mediterranean countries.
How did the ECMWF weather model temperature anomaly forecast perform for 2 weeks out? Model initialised 4 Dec and valid for 11-17 Dec. Not bad?
Here are the global temperature anomalies, relative to 2001-2010, for 23-29 Nov.
September was colder than average over central & west Europe - but it was warmer in the far north & east, as well as southern Spain.
It was a hotter than average month in E & SE Europe but colder in the NW