in 1908, a pickaxe struck the side of a remarkable skull. It was the discovery of the Neanderthal known as the Old Man from La Chapelle, one of the most important specimens in the history of paleoanthropology.

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An attempt to help visualize the results from Ni, et al. 2021 (one of the Harbin Skull papers). The left shows the morphological tree in the paper; the right is the DNA/proteomics constrained but less parsimonious tree from the supplementary material.

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Taphonomic-forensic analysis of skulls from Sima de los Huesos by
et al. Of 20 known skulls, 17 have healed depression fractures. "Recurrent acts of lethal violence…thus seem evident."
https://t.co/02AJcqOP8L

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University of Oxford researchers create largest ever human family tree https://t.co/bqtD0742Wi

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This might be one of my better little reconstructions when treated in isolation. Based on latest analyses that place Meganthropus near Lufengpithecus, aka as an ape.

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Giant Sea Lizards Ruled the Waves While T. Rex Roamed on Land

👉🏽👉🏻https://t.co/CxZuerojFA

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in 1908, a pickaxe struck the side of a remarkable skull. It was the Neanderthal known as the Old Man from La Chapelle, one of the most important discoveries in the history of paleoanthropology.

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The Sima de los Huesos site is very important in understanding the kind of morphological variation that occurs within a single population. By itself, a jaw like AT 605 might seem like an outlier, but others within the sample share aspects of its form.

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The LB6 fossil is the second most complete skeleton of Homo floresiensis from Liang Bua, Indonesia. The jaw appears to represent a smaller individual than the LB1 skeleton. Its complete radius, somewhat bent due to a break, is 157 mm long.

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In 1999, a fossil was "found" in New York City. In this case, the fossil was repatriated to Indonesia where it belongs. Other fossils may still circulate within an illicit international antiquities trade.

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Aroeira 3 was found in a context with abundant Acheulean tools and evidence of hominin-controlled fire. It is a valuable comparison to the Sima de los Huesos sample, at similar geological age but with only a single handaxe and no remains of fire.

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MRD-VP-1/1 was the first relatively complete skull known for Australopithecus anamensis. Its similarities with later species like Au. africanus and Paranthropus may suggest that such traits evolved in the common ancestor of all bipedal hominins.

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The Elandsfontein farm near Saldanha Bay, South Africa, has an extensive fossil deposit eroded from ancient sand dunes. The calvaria from this deposit is of unknown age, and is similar to some "archaic" human fossils.

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The skull from Florisbad, South Africa, is a particular frustration for me. An effort to date the specimen made it a possible contemporary of but natural uranium concentration of hot spring peats likely makes this unreliable.

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Renewed survey at fossil sites sometimes turns up additional fragments of earlier discoveries. The LH 5 fragmentary maxilla and dentition of Australopithecus afarensis has parts that were discovered in 1974 and 1979, up to 49 meters apart.

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Zhoukoudian was not the first discovery place of Homo erectus, but thanks to the work of Franz Weidenreich in the 1930s and 1940s, it became the prototype for the way later scientists understood this One reason was his reconstruction of the L2 skull.

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The femur and tibia from locality 129 were the first clear evidence of bipedal fossils from Hadar, Ethiopia, in 1973. The strong lateral angulation of the femur shaft is a distinctive aspect of bipedal locomotion in humans and our fossil relatives.

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