John Hawksさんのイラストまとめ

The "Ardi" skeleton from Aramis, Ethiopia, provides the most complete cranial, dental, and postcranial evidence of any hominoid from the Early Pliocene. Some of its features point to a relationship with later #hominin remains. #paleoanthropology

The variability of the #hominin fossils from Hadar, Ethiopia, has long been attributed to sexual dimorphism and temporal trends within Australopithecus afarensis. The recent discovery of other species at nearby sites may require re-evaluation of this idea. #paleoanthropology

The MLD 40 #hominin jaw is one of the larger ones attributed to Australopithecus africanus. Raymond Dart thought that it was a victim of cannibalism, but it lacks the evidence that we look for today to identify this behavior. #paleoanthropology

A child's skull from Herto, Ethiopia, appears to document a mortuary practice involving the long-term keeping and handling of human remains, more than 147,000 years ago. Cultural observance of death may go back much further in #hominin ancestry. #paleoanthropology #FossilFriday

Léon Henri-Martin found the humerus of a Neandertal partial skeleton in 1911 at La Quina. He wrote, "The fragility and powdery state of the upper right maxilla made three teeth fall into my hands." #hominin #paleoanthropology

Many fossil mandibles and maxillae of Homo have multiple mental or infraorbital foramina. This happens when the nerves or vessels branch more deeply within the bone, instead of in the superficial tissue. It's not clear why this was more common in some past populations.

One of the first known mandibles of Homo erectus was this left side of a jaw from Zhoukoudian, China, found in 1931. Many #hominin jaws discovered later would come to be called H. erectus because of similarity to this individual. #paleoanthropology

The jaw had agenesis of the third molars. Another jaw with this condition from Xiahe, China, appears to represent the Denisovan population. Whether we can identify mandibular traits that denote this population is not yet clear.

Textbooks often treat Homo habilis as a common ancestor for all later species in our genus. But the OH 7 mandible shows that this #hominin may have evolved quite differently from other members of Homo. #paleoanthropology

The distal femur of an early #hominin like Australopithecus africanus is among the most humanlike parts of their anatomy. The angulation between the femoral shaft and condyles reflects habitual bipedal gait. #paleoanthropology