John Hawksさんのイラストまとめ

The majority of textbooks describe the Ndutu skull as "Homo heidelbergensis". With some other African fossil crania, such as the Kabwe and Bodo skulls, there is at least a set of features that they share with European "H. heidelbergensis" fossils like the Petralona skull.

The #hominin skeleton from Saint-Césaire, France is one of the last known Neandertals and lived some 42,000-40,000 years ago. The individual suffered but survived, at least for several weeks, a sharp force injury to the head. #paleoanthropology #FossilFriday

Australopithecus anamensis is the earliest known #hominin of its genus. Its diet seems to have concentrated on woodland foods more than the later Au. afarensis or Au. africanus, within a habitat with mixed trees and C4 grasses. #paleoanthropology

Sangiran 2 is the earliest #hominin fossil with endocranial hyperostosis, an abnormal growth of bone on the internal skull surface. This is relatively common today in women over age 65, but very rare in men. The causes of the condition remain unclear. #paleoanthropology

In #paleoanthropology, we try to make careful use of #hominin fossil evidence that may not be beautifully complete but preserves valuable evidence about extinct species. DH4 is one of my favorite fossils, revealing the interaction of skull size and musculature in #Homonaledi

The archaeological record of Flores shows that Homo floresiensis must have been a highly competent stone tool maker and user. The tools left by this #hominin show that large brains and humanlike wrists are not essential to technology #paleoanthropology #FossilFriday

The fossil #hominin remains from Zhoukoudian were fragmented and damaged, with more than 50 individuals mostly represented by one or two fragments or teeth each. The damage may have been made by the extinct cave hyena, Pachycrocuta brevirostris. #paleoanthropology

The occlusal surface of the molars of Paranthropus boisei is three to four times larger than that found in today's humans. The premolars of this #hominin are enormously expanded. But the canine and incisor teeth are human-sized or smaller. #paleoanthropology

Arago 44 is almost certainly not H. erectus. It may be an early Neandertal or another (H. heidelbergensis?) species. OH 28 could possibly be H. erectus, but if so may be a most recent occurrence of the species in Africa. I suspect it's something else.

When Robert Broom began to find #hominin fossils at Sterkfontein in 1936, the record quickly grew to encompass several individuals. The growing evidence at last brushed back anatomists who had maintained the Taung fossil must be a recent ape. #paleoanthropology