Modern humans generate more brain neurons than due to the change of a single (!) amino acid, has proceeded differently 😲https://t.co/6C0oHtDeAf

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Paper: Landscape modification by Last Interglacial Neanderthals https://t.co/bUvFQUCciD
Summary: Neandertals were the first hominids to turn forest into grassland 125,000 years ago https://t.co/0UAa2TTqS7

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Brain endocasts of immature Neandertals Engis 2 (left) and Krapina 1 (right). Although brain size of each was within the adult range of variation, similar to humans kids today, they probably still would have had lots of development left

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Why avoid the obvious similarities between these fossils, especially the NR-2 mandible, and Neandertals, particularly Krapina? That relationship is the interesting one, with clear relevance to paleoclimate changes. Nesher Ramla may be a likely Krapina source population.

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Aprendre sobre la vida quotidiana dels neandertals és possible gràcies a . 🔎Explora el passat en família amb les activitats d’aquest centre i coneix els fascinants atractius turístics de la Noguera🌿 a https://t.co/baIaRvbwMu

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Recent work by Yolanda Fernández-Jalvo and Peter Andrews found that cranial fractures on the Spy 1 Neandertal skull were the likely cause of death of this individual. A new dating scheme places the Spy Neandertals between 44,300 and 40,700 years ago.

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Homo antecessor is a species that occupies a fascinating time and place in human origins. The material from Gran Dolina are the closest known sister group to the common ancestor of today's people, Neandertals, and Denisovans.

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The fossils from Caune de l'Arago, France, are around the same age as the large Sima de los Huesos sample of early Neandertals. Whether they represent the same population is not clear. They test our ability to determine relationships with morphology.

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The skeleton from Saint-Césaire, France is one of the last known Neandertals and lived some 42,000-40,000 years ago. The individual suffered but survived, at least for several weeks, a sharp force injury to the head.

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The three bones of the Swanscombe skull were found across 20 years within a gravel layer in the course of the ancient Thames River. The skull belonged to an early relative of Neandertals.

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Apidima 1 may be the earliest European fossil aligned with African ancestors of modern people, more than 210,000 years old. But some specialists suggest it was an ancestor of Neandertals. Of course, it may be both.

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Recent archaeological work has uncovered the aesthetic cultures of who sometimes decorated themselves with colors, shells, talons, and feathers, marked and engraved cave walls, and had an ear for language.

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The Steinheim skull has been a puzzle in Today, we know that genetic exchanges with Africa influenced early Neandertals, and fossils from Apidima, Greece close in age to Steinheim may reflect this mixing. Why not this one too?

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The perils of understanding extinct populations with morphology are front and center with the Arago sample. Were they early Neandertals, or something else? My guess is a mosaic of drift in ancient Eurasian populations.

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Was burial of the dead practiced by Neandertals or is it an innovation to our species?
There are indications in favour of the first hypothesis:
Recent evidences of a neanderthal child buried 41000 years ago in Dordogne France: https://t.co/QvF0xQ7TDj
Image: anibal/stock.adobe.com

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My talk on the peopling of western Eurasia by Homo populations and their interactions with local given at the last meeting is now on line via : https://t.co/u4CEaIv2iK

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Sometime between 370-150,000 years ago Neandertals got a Y chromosome from a more modern-like source population. This ultimately spread throughout all later Neandertal populations from which anyone has sampled DNA.

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2020

Neandertals on the beach: Use of marine resources at Grotta dei Moscerini (Latium, Italy)

Villa P. et al. via journals.plos
https://t.co/LLMiQv7QHJ

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Santa Claus/Saint Nicholas = An evolved folk memory of surviving Euroasian Neandertals ~~> Wild People / Wild Men. ~

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Endocranial shape Neandertals v. Modern Humans: A=Nea, La Chapelle-aux-Saints, elongated. B=MH, globular. Arrows=enlarged posterior cranial fossa (housing the cerebellum) & bulging of parietal bones in MHs compared to Nea. Source: Gunz et al (2019) https://t.co/TrdnMd91he

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